A small town in Massachusetts is urging residents to adhere to an evening curfew after the spread of a deadly mosquito-borne virus reached a “critical risk level.” The virus in question causes Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a severe disease with a fatality rate of 30 to 50 percent. Those most at risk include children under 15 and the elderly.
What is Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)?
Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare but deadly virus transmitted by mosquitoes. While cases are few, with an average of 11 annually in the U.S., the consequences are dire. About half of those who survive EEE are left with permanent disabilities, and some may succumb to complications within a few years. Unfortunately, there is currently no treatment for EEE.
The virus is primarily found in swampy regions of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast states, as well as the Great Lakes region. It spreads through mosquitoes, which transmit the virus between wild birds, animals, and humans. So far this year, there have been only three reported cases of EEE in the U.S., with one in Massachusetts, another in Vermont, and the third in New Jersey. All three cases are neuroinvasive, which are particularly severe forms of the disease.
Critical Risk Level and Health Advisory
On August 16, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health confirmed the state’s first EEE case of the year and declared a “critical risk level” in the communities of Douglas, Oxford, Sutton, and Webster. These towns, all located in Worcester County near the Rhode Island and Connecticut borders, are taking immediate action to protect residents.
The elderly resident of Oxford who contracted EEE remains hospitalized, while a horse in neighboring Connecticut recently died from the virus. In response, the towns have issued a joint health advisory recommending residents avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours.
Curfew and Safety Measures
The advisory suggests a voluntary curfew, asking residents to conclude outdoor activities by 6:00 PM until September 30, 2024, and by 5:00 PM starting October 1, 2024, until the season’s first hard frost. Additional recommendations include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and ensuring homes are mosquito-proof.
While the curfew is not mandatory, those wishing to use town properties, such as recreation fields, must submit an indemnification form and provide proof of insurance.
EEE Cases in the United States
As of now, only three cases of EEE have been reported in the U.S. this year, with the Massachusetts case being the most recent. The virus remains a serious concern, as evidenced by the 2019 multi-state outbreak that saw 38 cases, 12 of which occurred in Massachusetts, resulting in six deaths.
Residents are urged to follow the recommended precautions to minimize the risk of exposure to this potentially fatal virus.